Table 2 Definition of midline landmarks
SR. no | Midline landmark | Definition |
|---|---|---|
1 | Vertex | Most superior point of the skull |
2 | Metopian | Midline point on the frontal bone where the elevation of the curve is greatest |
3 | Supraglabella | Most anterior point of the forehead, above the glabella in the mid-sagittal plane |
4 | Glabella | Most prominent point between the supra orbital ridges in the mid-sagittal plane |
5 | Nasion | Midpoint of maximum convexity between the nose and forehead in midsagittal plane |
6 | Rhinion | The anterior tip of the nasal bone |
7 | Pronasale | The most protruding point at the tip of the nose |
8 | Subnasale | Midpoint of the columella base below the nasal spine |
9 | Midphiltrum | A point centered between the nose and mouth in the midsagittal plane |
10 | Supradentale | Center, at the maxilla, between the upper central incisors, at the cement-enamel junction level |
11 | Incisor superius | The intersection of the mid-sagittal plane with labial fissure |
12 | Infradentale | Center, in the mandible, between the lower central incisors, at the cement-enamel junction level |
13 | Labile superius | Midpoint of the vermilion border of the upper lip |
14 | Labile inferious | Midpoint of the vermilion border of the lower lip |
15 | Supramentale | Deepest midline point, in the groove above the mental eminence |
16 | Pogonion | Most anterior midline point on the mental eminence of the mandible |
17 | Supragnathion | Most antero-inferior midline point of the mental eminence between pogonion and gnathion |
18 | Gnathion | Most inferior median point of the mental symphysis |
19 | Opisthocranion | Most prominent posterior point overlying the occipital bone, which produces the greatest head length from glabella |
20 | Inion | Median point between the apices of the superior nuchal lines and at the base of the external occipital portuberance |