Characteristic changes of the palatal rugae following orthodontic treatment

Table 4 Comparison in coordination changes of reference points after orthodontic treatment between extraction and expansion groups–right rugae (1–6); and left rugae and incisive papilla (7–13)

No.	Displacement	Patient	Number	Mean	Std. deviation	P value
1	Sum R1MR	Extraction	15	0.3643	0.3665	0.145
1	Sum R1MR	Expansion	15	0.2047	0.1795	0.145
2	Sum R1LR	Extraction	15	0.4068	0.2880	0.020
2	Sum R1LR	Expansion	15	0.1890	0.1849	0.020
3	Sum R2MR	Extraction	15	0.3279	0.3748	0.888
3	Sum R2MR	Expansion	15	0.3114	0.2529	0.888
4	Sum R2LR	Extraction	15	0.4618	0.2994	0.014
4	Sum R2LR	Expansion	15	0.2257	0.1770	0.014
5	Sum R3MR	Extraction	15	0.5388	0.4581	0.089
5	Sum R3MR	Expansion	15	0.2958	0.2731	0.089
6	Sum R3LR	Extraction	15	0.4531	0.2673	0.038
6	Sum R3LR	Expansion	15	0.2697	0.1862	0.038
7	Sum IP	Extraction	15	0.3584	0.3045	0.229
7	Sum IP	Expansion	15	0.2474	0.1662	0.229
8	Sum R1ML	Extraction	15	0.4771	0.4157	0.188
8	Sum R1ML	Expansion	15	0.3163	0.1877	0.188
9	Sum R1LL	Extraction	15	0.4127	0.2826	0.738
9	Sum R1LL	Expansion	15	0.3686	0.4187	0.738
10	Sum R2ML	Extraction	15	0.5122	0.4178	0.420
10	Sum R2ML	Expansion	15	0.4075	0.2651	0.420
11	Sum R2LL	Extraction	15	0.6577	0.2738	0.014
11	Sum R2LL	Expansion	15	0.3278	0.4063	0.014
12	Sum R3ML	Extraction	15	0.5999	0.3592	0.050
12	Sum R3ML	Expansion	15	0.3603	0.2744	0.050
13	Sum R3LL	Extraction	15	0.5619	0.2534	0.010
13	Sum R3LL	Expansion	15	0.3047	0.2578	0.010