Table 2 Risk factors of workplace violence among the studied healthcare workers in context with the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt according to their demographic characteristics

Age (years)

  < 40

207

61.1

132

38.9

339

83.7

4.127*

0.042*

0.544 (0.301–0.985)

0.044*

  ≥ 40^b

49

74.2

17

25.8

66

16.3

-

–

Gender

 Males

101

70.6

42

29.4

143

35.3

5.233*

0.022*

1.660 (1.073–2.568)

0.023*

 Females^b

155

59.2

107

40.8

262

64.7

–

–

Specialty

 Physician^b

216

63.3

125

36.7

341

84.2

7.691*

0.041*

 Nurse

33

71.7

13

28.3

46

11.4

1.469 (0.745–2.895)

0.267

 Pharmacist

7

46.7

8

53.3

15

3.7

0.506(0.179–1.430)

0.199

 Others

0

0.0

3

100.0

3

0.7

0.0 (0.0)

0.999

Work schedule^a

 Morning

182

62.5

109

37.5

291

71.9

0.198

0.657

0.903 (0.574–1.418)

0.657

 Evening

141

76.6

43

23.4

184

45.4

26.116*

 < 0.001*

3.022 (1.963–4.653)

 < 0.001*

 Night

6

75.0

2

25.0

8

2.0

0.488

^FEp = 0.716

1.764 (0.351–8.853)

0.490

 Changing

78

65.0

42

35.0

120

29.6

0.235

0.628

1.116 (0.715–1.742)

0.628

Number of colleagues in the same place of work

 None

16

69.6

7

30.4

23

5.7

12.992*

0.005*

0.997 (0.381–2.606)

0.995

 1–5

109

65.3

58

34.7

167

41.2

0.820 (0.504–1.332)

0.423

 6–10

37

46.3

43

53.8

80

19.8

0.375 (0.212–0.665)

0.001*

  > 10^b

94

69.6

41

30.4

135

33.3

–

–

There is a system for reporting violence

 Yes^b

152

71.0

62

29.0

214

52.8

11.927*

0.001*

–

–

 No

104

54.5

87

45.5

191

47.2

0.488 (0.324–0.735)

0.001*

Had the knowledge of using the system of reporting

(n = 152)

(n = 62)

(n = 214)

 Yes^b

59

67.0

29

33.0

88

41.1

1.152

0.283

–

–

 No

93

73.8

33

26.2

126

58.9

1.385(0.763–2.514)

0.284