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Table 5 Sex differences of minutiae count inside and outside the circle of the left thumbprint

From: Distribution of different minutiae in thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions

Minutiae type

Inside circle

Outer circle

Male

Female

z-value

Male

Female

z-value

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Bifurcation

9.98

4.38

7.48

3.31

− 3.20**

16.72

6.54

13.32

6.11

− 2.65**

Convergence

7.30

3.72

5.44

6.11

− 2.43**

10.92

5.68

6.26

4.62

− 4.50**

Ridge ending

13.88

7.05

14.14

4.70

− 0.29

24.22

11.47

20.90

8.37

− 1.30

Enclosure-small

4.28

2.36

3.74

3.18

− 1.73

4.94

2.42

3.12

2.67

− 3.97**

Enclosure-big

1.84

1.81

0.68

0.84

− 3.77**

3.04

2.53

1.60

1.49

− 3.11**

Fragment-small

3.20

2.87

3.94

2.91

− 1.38

6.38

3.66

5.48

4.28

− 1.41

Fragment-big

0.64

1.04

0.92

1.25

− 0.94

2.02

1.79

2.38

1.89

− 1.03

Crossbar

0.26

0.52

0.16

0.37

− 0.84

0.60

0.78

0.66

0.84

− 0.27

Overlap

0.54

0.81

0.42

0.57

− 0.32

0.98

1.18

0.96

1.37

− 0.56

Break

0.80

1.10

1.42

1.55

− 2.12**

1.54

1.70

1.22

1.36

− 0.82

Bridge

1.50

1.23

1.52

1.38

− 0.15

2.08

1.53

1.84

2.00

− 1.39

Trifurcation bifurcate

0.08

0.27

0.02

0.14

− 1.37

0.10

0.58

0.06

0.24

− 0.43

Trifurcation convergent

0.10

0.36

0.00

0.00

− 2.03**

0.02

0.14

0.00

0.00

− 1.00

M-B

0.02

0.14

0.00

0.00

− 1.00

0.06

0.24

0.00

0.00

− 1.75

M-C

0.04

0.19

0.00

0.00

− 1.42

0.04

0.19

0.02

0.14

− 0.58

Point or dot into ridge

1.76

3.09

1.48

1.72

− 0.84

1.88

2.00

2.00

2.47

− 0.19

Point or dot between ridges

2.28

2.33

2.16

2.64

− 0.68

4.24

3.24

2.30

2.55

− 3.41**

Opposited bifurcation

0.20

0.49

0.28

0.70

− 0.32

0.20

0.49

0.12

0.38

− 0.89

Return

0.94

0.79

0.82

0.87

− 0.98

0.08

0.27

0.30

0.61

− 2.21*

Dock

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.14

− 1.00

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.19

− 1.42

  1. Level of significance p < 0.01**, p < 0.05*