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Table 4 Sex differences of minutiae count inside and outside the circle of the right thumbprint

From: Distribution of different minutiae in thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions

Minutiae type

Inside circle

Outer circle

Male

Female

z-value

Male

Female

z-value

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Bifurcation

7.42

4.16

5.90

3.24

− 1.72**

12.62

6.17

9.68

6.04

− 2.63**

Convergence

8.50

3.89

6.06

3.69

− 3.38**

15.42

6.77

11.52

4.88

− 2.72**

Ridge ending

13.56

6.37

12.80

5.33

− 0.31

24.40

11.03

26.18

8.80

− 1.07

Enclosure-small

4.84

2.73

2.94

2.12

− 3.52**

5.20

2.82

2.84

2.02

− 4.45**

Enclosure-big

1.76

1.90

1.58

2.12

− 0.59

3.12

2.42

2.06

2.52

− 2.70**

Fragment-small

3.56

3.13

3.14

2.68

− 0.48

6.98

4.74

5.98

4.25

− 1.19

Fragment-big

0.68

0.95

1.12

1.53

− 1.23

1.84

1.75

1.98

1.50

− 0.58

Crossbar

0.46

0.67

0.50

1.07

− 0.92

0.46

0.70

0.48

1.05

− 0.86

Overlap

0.70

0.95

0.56

0.81

− 0.68

1.50

1.26

1.26

1.50

− 1.39

Break

1.50

1.26

1.64

1.91

− 0.56

1.18

1.08

2.08

2.16

− 1.68

Bridge

1.14

1.12

0.86

1.16

− 1.58

1.92

1.41

1.20

1.30

− 2.71**

Trifurcation bifurcate

0.00

0.00

0.08

0.27

− 2.03**

0.12

0.59

0.00

0.00

− 1.75

Trifurcation convergent

0.04

0.19

0.02

0.14

− 0.58

0.14

0.49

0.00

0.00

− 2.28**

M− B

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.14

0.00

0.00

− 1.00

M-C

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.14

− 1.00

0.14

0.35

0.10

0.58

− 1.69

Point or dot into ridge

1.36

2.09

1.86

2.19

− 1.32

2.68

0.83

2.46

2.15

− 0.68

Point or dot between ridges

3.44

3.52

2.64

3.10

− 1.46

4.30

3.02

2.58

2.28

− 3.28**

Opposited bifurcation

0.30

0.61

0.24

0.55

− 0.37

0.18

0.38

0.08

0.27

− 1.48

Return

1.04

1.00

0.78

0.93

− 1.42

0.28

0.64

0.40

0.78

− 0.92

Dock

0.08

0.27

0.02

0.14

− 1.37

0.06

0.24

0.04

0.28

− 0.99

  1. Level of significance p < 0.01**, p < 0.05*