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Table 3 Descriptive statistics for minutiae count in inside and outside the circle of the left thumbprint

From: Distribution of different minutiae in thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions

Minutiae type

Male

Female

Inside circle

Outside circle

z-value

Inside circle

Outside circle

z-value

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Bifurcation

9.98

4.38

16.72

6.54

− 4.76**

7.48

3.31

13.32

6.11

− 4.71**

Convergence

7.30

3.72

10.92

5.68

− 3.66**

5.44

3.20

6.26

4.62

− 0.91

Ridge ending

13.88

7.05

24.22

11.47

− 4.91**

14.14

4.70

20.90

8.37

− 3.95**

Enclosure-small

4.28

2.36

4.94

2.42

− 1.12

3.74

3.18

3.12

2.67

− 1.15

Enclosure-big

1.84

1.81

3.04

2.53

− 2.78**

0.68

0.84

1.60

1.49

− 3.30**

Fragment-small

3.20

2.87

6.38

3.66

− 4.68**

3.94

2.91

5.48

4.28

− 2.06*

Fragment-big

0.64

1.04

2.02

1.79

− 4.37**

0.92

1.25

2.38

1.89

− 4.21**

Crossbar

0.26

0.52

0.60

0.78

− 2.74**

0.16

0.37

0.66

0.84

− 3.46**

Overlap

0.54

0.81

0.98

1.18

− 2.30*

0.42

0.57

0.96

1.36

− 2.36*

Break

0.80

1.10

1.54

1.70

− 2.74**

1.42

1.55

1.22

1.35

− 0.70

Bridge

1.50

1.23

2.08

1.53

− 2.09*

1.52

1.38

1.84

2.00

− 0.66

Trifurcation bifurcate

0.08

0.27

0.10

0.58

− 0.33

0.02

0.14

0.06

0.24

− 1.00

Trifurcation convergent

0.10

0.36

0.02

0.14

− 1.41

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

M-B

0.02

0.14

0.06

0.24

− 1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

M-C

0.04

0.19

0.04

0.19

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.14

− 1.00

Point or dot into ridge

1.76

3.09

1.88

2.00

− 1.01

1.48

1.72

2.00

2.47

− 1.14

Point or dot between ridges

2.28

2.33

4.24

3.24

− 4.04**

2.16

2.64

2.30

2.55

− 0.59

Opposited bifurcation

0.20

0.49

0.20

0.49

0.00

0.28

0.70

0.12

0.38

− 1.43

Return

0.94

0.79

0.08

0.27

− 5.05**

0.82

0.87

0.30

0.61

− 2.96**

Dock

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

0.14

0.04

0.19

− 0.57

  1. Level of significance p < 0.01**, p < 0.05