Table 1 Frequency distribution of different types of minutiae in the thumbprint of males and females
From: Distribution of different minutiae in thumbprint and its application to determine sex distinctions
Minutia type | Total N (%) | Male N (%) | Female N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Bifurcation | 4156 (17.21%) | 2337 (17.84%) | 1819 (16.47%) |
Convergence | 3571 (14.79%) | 2107 (16.08%) | 1464 (13.25%) |
Ridge ending | 7504 (31.08%) | 3803 (29.03%) | 3701 (33.51%) |
Enclosure-small | 1595 (6.61%) | 963 (7.35%) | 632 (5.72%) |
Enclosure-big | 784 (3.25%) | 488 (3.72%) | 296 (2.68%) |
Fragment-small | 1921 (7.96%) | 994 (7.59%) | 927 (8.39%) |
Fragment-big | 579 (2.40%) | 259 (1.98%) | 320 (2.90%) |
Crossbar | 179 (0.74%) | 89 (0.68%) | 90 (0.81%) |
Overlap | 346 (1.43%) | 186 (1.42%) | 160 (1.45%) |
Break | 550 (2.28%) | 232 (1.77%) | 318 (2.88%) |
Bridge | 603 (2.50%) | 332 (2.53%) | 271 (2.45%) |
Trifurcation bifurcate | 23 (0.09%) | 15 (0.11%) | 8 (0.07%) |
Trifurcation convergent | 16 (0.07%) | 15(0.11%) | 1 (0.01%) |
M-B | 5 (0.02%) | 5 (0.04%) | 0 (0.00%) |
M-C | 18 (0.07%) | 11 (0.08%) | 7 (0.06%) |
Point or dot into ridge | 774 (3.20%) | 384 (2.93%) | 390 (3.53%) |
Point or dot between ridges | 1197 (4.96%) | 713(5.44%) | 484 (4.38%) |
Opposited bifurcation | 80 (0.33%) | 44 (0.34%) | 36 (0.33%) |
Return | 232 (0.96%) | 117(0.89%) | 115 (1.04%) |
Dock | 13 (0.05%) | 7 (0.05%) | 6 (0.05%) |
Total | 24,146(100) | 13,101(99.98%) | 11,045(99.98%) |