Table 1 Literature review of neonatal and pediatric CDH

Series of cases (n = 26)/Woodbury et al. (Woodbury et al. 2019)

Mean age: 35.9 ± 6.5 weeks of gestation

F (n = 16)

M (n = 10)

Right (n = 5)

Left (n = 17)

Bilateral (n = 2)

-

Case report/Hmadouch et al. (Hmadouch and Barkat 2020)

Day 4 of life

F

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Breathing difficulties at 2 days old

Autopsy study (n = 13)/Borys et al. (Borys and Taxy 2004)

Min: 10 days old

Max: 31 weeks of gestation

F (n = 9)

M (n = 4)

Left (n = 11)

Right (n = 2)

-

Case report (autopsy case)/Mobilia et al. (Mobilia et al. 2013)

3 years old

M

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Breathing difficulties, hypertonia, trismus, subsequent loss of consciousness

Case report (autopsy case)/Solomon et al. (Solomon and Hayes 2016)

6 weeks old

F

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Breathing difficulties after breastfeeding

Series of cases (n = 79)/Doyle et al. (Doyle and Lally 2004)

38 ± 2.8 weeks of gestation

F (n = 27)

M (n = 50)

Right (n = 21)

Left (n = 53)

Respiratory symptoms (n = 20)

Gastrointstatinal symptoms (n = 15)

Both (n = 6)

Asymptomatic (n = 5)

Case report (autopsy case)/Chau et al. (Chau et al. 2013)

3 months old

F

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Tachypnea, fatigue

Series of cases (n = 7)/Clugston et al. (Clugston and Greer 2007)

Mean age: 48 months old

F (n = 3)

M (n = 4)

Left (n = 7)

Gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 6)

Respiratory symptoms (n = 1)

Case report (autopsy case)/Bolino et al. (Bolino et al. 2015)

40 weeks of gestation

M

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Died after delivery (absence of spontaneous breathing at birth)

Case report/Blibech et al. (Blibech et al. 2014)

Day 1 of life

M

Right

Neonatal respiratory distress

Case report/Uinarni et al. (Uinarni et al. 2020)

Born at term

F

Right

Cyanosis, breathing difficulties after birth

Case report/Lava et al. (Lava et al. 2012)

Born at term

F

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Sudden respiratory distress after birth

Case report (autopsy case)/Kotis et al. (Kotis et al. 2009)

5.5 months old

F

Left

Fever, tachypnea, tachycardia

Case report/Ghabisha et al. (Ghabisha et al. 2021)

6 months old

M

Left

Low-grade fever, poor feeding, intermittent respiratory distress, cough, vomiting, nausea

Case report/Xia et al. (Xia et al. 2017)

34 weeks of gestation

F

Left

Respiratory distress

Case report/Kalvandi et al. (Kalvandi et al. 2018)

3 years old

M

Left

Epigastric pain after a meal

Series of cases (n=4)/Ananda et al. (Kesavan et al. 2017)

Min: 15 months old

Max: 4 years old

F (n = 2)

M (n = 2)

Left (Bochdalek hernia) (n = 2)

Right (Morgani hernia) (n = 1)

Hiatus hernia

Recurrent respiratory tract infection, fever and cough, breathlessness, retrosternal chest pain

Case report (n = 2)/Lemos et al. (Lemos et al. 2015)

11 months old

And 4 months old

F (n = 1)

M (n = 1)

Left (Bochdalek hernia)

Right hernia

Distended abdomen, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis