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Table 1 Testing the interaction of different concentrations of clonazepam (25, 50, or 100 mg/ml) on different developmental stages (second, early third, and late third larval instars and prepupa) of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, in terms of morphological measurements and, analytical and biochemical analyses, using generalized estimating equation (GEE)

From: Impact of using Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) as a toxicological sample in detecting clonazepam for forensic investigation

Categorical variables

Chi-square (χ2)

df

aQIC

p-value

Intercept

 Weight

3341.4

1

49.1

 < 0.0001

 Length

20,950.1

1

46.1

 < 0.0001

 Width

10,909.1

1

33.9

 < 0.0001

 HPLC

15,815.8

1

32.5

 < 0.0001

 PC

91,213.3

1

32.03

 < 0.0001

Effect of different insect developmental stages

 Weight

5066.4

3

49.1

 < 0.0001

 Length

5753.3

3

46.1

 < 0.0001

 Width

2173.4

3

33.9

 < 0.0001

 HPLC

6253.7

3

32.5

 < 0.0001

 PC

2679.1

3

32.03

 < 0.0001

Effect of different clonazepam concentrations

 Weight

4.01

3

49.1

 < 0.0001

 Length

133.4

3

46.1

 < 0.0001

 Width

55.7

3

33.9

 < 0.0001

 HPLC

2128.4

3

32.5

 < 0.0001

 PC

2498.7

3

32.03

 < 0.0001

Effect of interaction between different insect developmental stages and clonazepam concentration

 Weight

38.6

9

49.1

 < 0.0001

 Length

308.4

9

46.1

 < 0.0001

 Width

43.11

9

33.9

 < 0.0001

 HPLC

1770.1

9

32.5

 < 0.0001

 PC

6135.9

9

32.03

 < 0.0001

  1. aQIC is the quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion and is a derivation of Akaike’s information criterion for GEE