Table 1 Table representing the articles selected fulfilling the inclusion criteria
SL NO | Author | Vulnerable Group | Risk Factors | Period | AIMS | PLACE | Results | Authors suggestions in tackling the risk factors observed in the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cheung T et al. (Cheung et al. 2021) | Younger age | Anxiety, loss of employment, isolation, and male gender | 2020 | To examine the prevalence and corelates of suicidal ideation in 10 countries during pandemic, examining individual health belief association with suicidal ideation, and direction for its prevention | Eastern & western countries | Low suicidal ideation in UK & Brazil compared to Macau, more among young married male, with differential health belief. Association of face mask wearing had shown less suicidal ideation Limitation of study: Cross-sectional study cannot infer any causal relationship between variability and cannot be generalised Prevention: Joint international collaboration for suicide prevention strategies | Implementing more of online recreational activities, small-scale household production and supply for improving financial crisis |
2 | Kohls E, Baldofski S et al. (Kohls et al. 2021) | Students | Stress, loneliness, low social support | 2021 | Mental health status assessment with standardise measures | Germany | Study suggested university students are more prone for depression in Germany. Online intervention promotes the help seeking measures and it targeted on mental health Limitation: Standardized inferences could not be drawn due to large sample size Prevention: Online intervention support | Online psychotherapy and recreational activities like video chatting |
3 | Edith Hermosillo De La torre A et al. (Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre et al. 2021) | 14–21 years Young adults and adolescents | Self-harm, intoxication | 2021 | Association between suicidal behavior with covariables like anxiety, depression, and drug use | Mexico | 21% of students showed suicidal behavior, with increased incidence in female population, and those with depression, anxiety, and drug intake Limitation: Strategies to improve mental health had not been mentioned Prevention: Vaccine against Infection | Rehabilitation clubs to be made online |
4 | Silverio murillo A (Silverio-Murillo et al. 2021) | General population | Insomnia, stress, and anxiety suicides | 2021 | Internet search including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and suicides | Latin America | There is increase in anxiety and stress during pandemic and no change in depression and suicide Limitation: Internet search cannot be generalized among population Prevention: Income support by country | Online YOGA sections and meditations |
5 | Bruffaerts R (Bruffaerts et al. 2021 Mar) | Health care professional | Suicidal thought, behavior | 2021 | Cross-sectional survey of assessing association of suicidal thought and behavior among health care professional | Belgium | There were increase in prevalence of death wish, suicidal ideation, and suicide plan but no suicide attempts Limitation: Study did not assess the generalized suicidal thought and behavior but assessed during COVID-19 pandemic Prevention: Decrease in suicidal thoughts and behavior among those received social support | Shifts in working, to reduce stress, chatting with professional colleagues |
6 | D'Hondt F (D’Hondt et al. 2020) | College students | Social isolation | 2020 | Online survey among university students for assessing self-reported mental health, associated factor, and assess care-seeking during quarantine | France | Increase in the prevalence of mental health issue among students, to underline surveillance prevention and access care Limitation: Large sample size Prevention: Access care and prevention | Peer group online quiz, online library, online games |
7 | Pramukti E (Pramukti et al. 2020) | College students | Anxiety, suicidal thought, infection, and contraction | 2020 | Social media used to collect information about suicidal thought, anxiety, and ideation among Taiwan, Thailand and Indonesia | Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia | Increase in suicidal thoughts and suicidal ideation among Taiwan students than Indonesia and Thailand students Limitation: Social media may not be used by everyone Prevention: Adequate support mechanism | Social media support to spread awareness, strengthening health care facilities |
8 | Rahman M (Rahman et al. 2021) | General population | Depression and anxiety | 2021 | Online assessment of suicidal behavior and ideation | Bangladesh | Increase in incidence among females, 33% cases showing suicidal risk, increase in incidence among divorced, widow, and low education statues Limitation: Online survey cannot be generalized Prevention: Awareness of COVID-19 pandemic, improving mental health status | Social workers to be trained and accessibility even to remote set up to be formulated by government and NGOs |
9 | Yom-Tov E (Yom-Tov et al. 2021) | Covid 19 Patient | Anosmia, ageusia | 2021 | Studying increase risk of suicidal ideation among anosmia and ageusia patients | USA | Effect of COVID-19 on senses will have a long-lasting effect and implication on patient well being Limitation: Self-diagnosis of disease Prevention: Special precaution during treatment and recovery | Awareness to be spread among public about Dos and Don’ts in Covid-19 pandemic, with the help of media |
10 | Mamum M (Mamun et al. 2021) | General Population | Fear of COVID-19, comorbidities, insomnia, suicidal ideation, and depression | 2021 | Cross-sectional survey about psychological effect by sociodemographic data, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and comorbidities | Bangladesh | Increase in the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among young, females, comorbidities, infection, and cigarette smoking Limitation: Self-reported scale Prevention: Psychological support and good mental health services | Newspaper articles and lectures in media by doctors and psychotherapist |
11 | Daly Z (Daly et al. 2021) | General population | Suicides and self-harm | 2021 | Univariate and multivariate analysis of suicidality and self-harm with mental health issues | Canada | Increase incidence of suicide and self-harm among quarantine individual but less incidence among those quarantine after recent travel Prevention: Public health response to be mitigated to reduce mental health issues and suicidality | Online counseling |
12 | Staples L (Staples et al. 2020) | General population | Depression and anxiety | 2021 | Analysing use of digital mental health services prior COVID-19 and during COVID-19 with a questionnaire-based study | Australia | Increase in the number of users of digital mental health services during first week of COVID-19 and subsequently Limitation: Large section of society, economy and long run COVID-19 are to be considered Prevention: Adopting helpful strategies to improve mental health | Training junior doctors and nursing staff, so that counseling is easily available for everyone |
13 | Every palmar S (Every-Palmer et al. 2020) | Adults | Lockdown | 2021 | To access psychological wellbeing with lockdown effect, reducing job opportunities, less recreation activities by means of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the GAD-7, and the Well-Being Index (WHO-5) | New Zealand | Prevention: Adequate provision of psychosocial support with similar priority to contact tracing, provision of personal protective equipment, and procurement of ventilators | Adequate medical aids |
14 | Shongwe M (Shongwe and Huang 2021) | Adult | Perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress, and suicidal ideation | 2021 | This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18 + years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K | Eswatini | Increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress Limitation: cannot be generalised as there may be non-telephone users Prevention: Government health policies to relive psychological distress |  |
15 | Sahimi H (Sahimi et al. 2021) | Health care workers | Suicidal ideation and depression | 2021 | To investigate suicidal ideation in terms of the rate and associated factors in a sample of Malaysian healthcare workers during the early-phase of the COVID-19 pandemic | Malaysian | Increase in proportion of health care workers suicidal ideation and clinical depression Limitation: Small sample size, casualty of suicidal ideation not known, cannot be generalized Prevention: Identification and treatment of depression, early intervention | Regular meeting with peer group and prevention strategies among health care professionals |
16 | Maatouk I (Maatouk et al. 2021) | Adults | Job security, increased risk of infection, suicidal ideation, self-harm | 2021 | This cross-sectional study focuses on the social psychological correlates of self-harm and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak in Lebanon, which is a country characterized by political and economic instability | Lebanon | Male and with low income had raised risk of suicidal ideation and self-harm. Political trust, religiosity, high-income and female group had less chances of suicidal ideation and self-harm Limitation: cannot be generalized Prevention: Need to ensure adequate access to mental health services to the general population amid the COVID-19 outbreak | Temporary small-scale production setups at house by family to improvise financial status, with government supports |