Application | Technique | Conclusion |
---|---|---|
Differentiation of seeds from Datura genus by seed analysis (Lesiak and Cody 2015) | DART SVP100™ Ion Source (Ionsense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | The variance of Principal Components (PCs) was 98.02% and, the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was 89.26%. |
Identification of psychoactive pepper from a variety of supplements (Lesiak and Musah 2016) | DART-SVP™ Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF-HRMS (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | The variance of principal components was 70.92%, and the LOOCV was 95.72% |
To measure Mitragynine in kratom plants (Fowble and Musah 2019) | DART-SVP™ Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF-HRMS (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | The linear range of quantification was 5-100 μg m/L mitragynine in methanol extracts with an LLOQ of 5 μg m/L. The lowest concentration was found in the dried leaves of the live plant and the highest in the capsules, with a range of 2.76–20.05 mg/g |
Detection of atropine and scopolamine from twenty-four nightshade plant species by directly testing the cross-section of the seeds (Beyramysoltan and Abdul-Rahman 2019) | DART-SVPTM Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF-HRMS (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | Mass measurements were in the range m/z 40-700 of seeds of species in five genera, namely Atropa, Brugmansia, Datura, Hyoscyamus, and Mandragora |
Differentiation of species of 11 different psychoactive plants using SPME sampling (Appley and Beyramysoltan 2019) | DART-SVP™ Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | The relative importance of the various m/z values were explored by PCA and RD results |
Differentiation of hemp cultivars by temperature programmed using ionRocket for thermal desorption (Dong and Liang 2019) | DART Ion Source (Ionsense, USA) equipped with a Thermo LTQ XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA) | A 99.3 ± 0.3% classification accuracy was obtained |
To quantify mescaline in cacti of the Echinopsis genus (Longo and Musah 2020) | DART-SVPTM Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to AccuTOF-HRMS (JEOL, Peabody, USA) | As per the FDA guidelines, the mean relative errors and coefficients of variance were all within 15%. But, the LLOQ samples were within 20%. Quantification of mescaline was in the range of 1–100 ppm |
Analysis of different Ayahuasca plant species, containing N, N-dimethyltryptamine (Zhou and Wang 2020) | DART-SVP™ Ion Source (IonSense, USA) coupled to a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) | The micro punching technique took around 0.01 mL or 2–3 mg of the sample and dissolved it in 1 mL of methanol. The concentration of the drug was approximately 0.5–2 mg/mL |