Applicability of Willems method for age estimation in Brazilian children: performance of multiple linear regression and artificial neural network

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Table 2 Prediction performance of Willems method for the studied sample distributed per sex and age interval

Sex	Age interval	CA		EA		ME	MAE	RMSE	P value
Sex	Age interval	M	SD	M	SD	ME	MAE	RMSE	P value
F	6–6.99	6.46	0.29	6.88	0.72	− 0.42	0.58	0.77	<0.001*
	7–7.99	7.48	0.28	7.70	0.61	− 0.22	0.55	0.62	0.009*
	8–8.99	8.46	0.28	8.55	0.83	− 0.10	0.58	0.75	0.307
	9–9.99	9.48	0.33	9.66	0.92	− 0.18	0.65	0.83	0.137
	10–10.99	10.50	0.24	10.56	0.96	− 0.06	0.67	0.86	0.584
	11–11.99	11.52	0.29	11.61	0.84	− 0.09	0.62	0.83	0.901
	12–12.99	12.50	0.30	12.25	1.27	0.26	0.98	1.23	0.042*
	13–13.99	13.50	0.29	13.74	1.37	− 0.25	1.01	1.29	0.127
	14–14.99	14.51	0.27	14.05	1.33	0.46	1.23	1.43	0.076
	15–15.99	15.44	0.32	14.73	1.09	0.71	1.05	1.32	<0.001*
M	6–6.99	6.54	0.32	7.08	0.61	− 0.54	0.63	0.74	<0.001*
	7–7.99	7.49	0.32	7.88	0.57	− 0.39	0.52	0.65	<0.001*
	8–8.99	8.54	0.29	8.83	0.77	− 0.29	0.64	0.81	0.007*
	9–9.99	9.48	0.29	9.84	1.00	− 0.36	0.79	0.95	0.012*
	10–10.99	10.47	0.29	10.61	0.94	− 0.14	0.73	0.89	0.229
	11–11.99	11.47	0.29	11.81	0.83	− 0.33	0.74	0.93	0.010*
	12–12.99	12.43	0.29	12.43	1.06	0.00	0.80	0.99	0.787
	13–13.99	13.51	0.28	13.64	1.18	− 0.13	0.93	1.14	0.233
	14–14.99	14.44	0.26	14.61	1.27	− 0.17	1.04	1.25	0.318
	15–15.99	15.52	0.29	14.98	1.28	0.54	0.98	1.33	0.019*

F females, M males, CA chronological age, EA estimated age, M mean, SD standard deviation, ME mean error, MAE mean absolute error, RMSE root mean squared error
Age interval expressed in years