Table 8 Results found by the included studies
From: Applicability of the mandibular canine index for sex estimation: a systematic review
Study | Canine index average | Canine sexual dimorphism | Accuracy of sex estimation | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Acharya and Mainali 2009 | Female: 0.26 Male: 0.26 | –a | Female: 44.44% Male: 57.14% | Nepal |
Acharya et al. 2011 | Female: 0.24 Male: 0.24 | –a | Female: 52% Male: 49.51% | India |
Anu et al. 2018 | Female: 0.22 Male: 0.22 | –a | Female: 20.0% Male: 88.0% | India |
Atreya et al. 2019 | Right canine: Female: 0.22 Male: 0.23 Left canine Female: 0.22 Male: 0.22 | –a | Right Female: 60.0% Male: 57.5% Left Female: 62.5% Male: 57.5% | Nepal |
Azevedo et al. 2019 | –a | Right canine: 85.8% Left canine: 85.8% | Right Female: 58.6% Male: 72.0% Left Female: 57.1% Male: 72.0% | Portugal |
Bai et al. 2018 | Right canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.26 Left canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.26 | –a | Female: not mentioned Male: 89% | –a |
Bakkannavar et al. 2015 | Right canine Female: 0.27 Male: 0.28 Left canine Female: 0.27 Male: 0.28 | –a | Right Female: 75.6% Male: 73.2% Left Female: 76.8% Male: 73.2% | India |
Dhakar et al. 2012 | Right canine Rajasthan (Female: 0.24/Male: 0.27) Gujarat (Female: 0.25/Male: 0.27) Karnataka (Female: 0.24/Male: 0.27) Left canine Rajasthan (Female: 0.23/Male: 0.26) Gujarat (Female: 0.24/Male: 0.27) Karnataka (Female: 0.23/Male: 0.27) | –a | Rajasthan: 78% Gujarat: 76% Karnataka: 82% | India |
Divyadharsini and Kumar 2019 | Female: 0.26 Male: 0.27 | –a | –a | India |
Duraiswamy et al. 2009 | Right canine Optimal-fluoride (Female: 18.46/Male: 20.46) High-fluoride (Female: 19.34/Male: 18.73) Left canine Optimal-fluoride (Female: 19.14/Male: 21.07) High-fluoride (Female: 19.34/Male: 20.10) | –a | –a | India |
Gandhi et al. 2017 | Female: 0.25036 Male: 0.24808 | Right canine: 6.85% Left canine: 7.62% | Female: 83.8% Male: 74.19% | India |
Gargano et al. 2014 | Right canine Female: 0.2658 Male: 0.2712 Left canine Female: 0.2658 Male: 0.2714 | –a | Female: 43.67% Male: 48.1% | Uruguay |
Grover et al. 2013 | Right canine Female: 0.22 Male: 0.25 Left canine Female: 0.21 Male: 0.23 | Right canine: 10.11% Left canine: 4.44% | Right canine: 9.43% Left canine: 11.81% | India |
Gupta et al. 2014 | Right canine Female: 0.22494 Male: 0.21669 CANINE Female: 0.23410 Male: 0.22041 | –a | –a | India |
Gupta and Daniel 2016 | Right canine Female: 24.57 Male: 26.23 Left canine Female: 24.77 Male: 26.32 | –a | Right Female: 77.36% Male: 73.58% Left Female: 66.04% Male: 67.92% | India |
Hosmani et al. 2013 | Female: 0.26406 Male: 0.26574 | –a | Female: 50% Male: 40% | India |
Ibeachu et al. 2012 | Right canine Female: 0.208 Male: 0.228 Left canine Female: 0.207 Male: 0.230 | Right canine: 15.24% Left canine: 16.74% | –a | Nigeria |
Iqbal et al. 2015 | Female: 0.2368 Male: 0.2572 | –a | Female: 70–97% Male: 8–73% | China |
Jacob et al. 2018 | Female: 0.279 Male: 0.284 | –a | Female: 70.2% Male: 40.6% | India |
Kakkar et al. 2013 | Female: 0.1896 Male: 0.1921 | –a | Female: 55.03% Male: 53.54% | India |
Kaushal et al. 2003 | Right canine Casts (Female: 0.267/Male: 0.278) Intraoral (Female: 0.267/Male: 0.280) Left canine Casts (Female: 0.268/Male: 0.283) Intraoral (Female: 0.267/Male: 0.282) | Casts Right canine: 7.96% Left canine: 9.79% Intraoral Right canine: 7.95% Left canine: 8.89% | –a | India |
Kaushal et al. 2004 | Right canine Female: 0.26 Male: 0.28 Left canine Female: 0.26 Male: 0.28 | Right canine: 7.954% Left canine: 8.891% | Right Female: 80% Male: 70% Left Female: 83.33% Male: 66.67% | India |
Krishnan et al. 2016 | –a | –a | Female: 24% Male: 84% | India |
Kumawat et al. 2017 | Right canine Female: 0.24 Male: 0.25 Left canine Female: 0.24 Male: 0.25 | Right canine: 5.53% Left canine: 5.42% | Female: 78% Male: 81.33% | India |
Lagos et al. 2016 | –a | –a | 75.29% | Chile |
Latif et al. 2016 | Female: 0.253 Male: 0.269 | –a | Female: 76% Male: 80% | India |
Mohsenpour et al. 2017 | Right canine Female: 0.2545 Male: 0.2677 Left canine Female: 0.2567 Male: 0.2704 | –a | Right Female: 62% Male: 44% Left Female: 64% Male: 54% | Iran |
Muhamedagić and Sarajlić 2013 | Right canine Female: 0.247 Male: 0.259 Left canine Female: 0.238 Male: 0.250 | –a | Right: 68.89% Left: 68.54% | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Muller et al. 2001 | Female: 0.261 Male: 0.275 | –a | –a | France |
Muthukumar and Thenmozhi 2018 | Right canine Female: 0.2784 Male: 0.2855 Left canine Female: 0.2784 Male: 0.2878 | –a | Right Female: 75.6% Male: 73.2% Left Female: 76.8% Male: 73.2% | India |
Nadendla et al. 2016 | Clinical Female: 0.2630 Male: 0.2614 Occlusal Female: 0.2765 Male: 0.2625 | –a | Clinical Female: 31.70% Male: 76.70% Occlusal Female: 58.30% Male: 71.70% | India |
Nagalaxmi et al. 2014 | Right canine Female: 0.2497 Male: 0.2501 Left canine Female: 0.2540 Male: 0.2524 | Right canine: 3.73% Left canine: 3.06% | Right Female: 70.0% Male: 73.3% LEFT Female: 56.7% Male: 66.7% | –a |
Narang et al. 2014 | Right canine Female: 0.248 Male: 0.255 Left canine Female: 0.241 Male: 0.255 | –a | Female: 67.6% Male: 68.0% | India |
Otuaga and Chris-Ozoko 2012 | Right canine Female: 0.26 Male: 0.27 Left canine Female: 0.26 Male: 0.27 | Right canine: 8.58% Left canine: 8.54% | RIGHT Female: 49.06% Male: 50.94% LEFT Female: 49.06% Male: 50.94% | Nigeria |
Paramkusam et al. 2014 | Female: 0.26 Male: 0.25 | Right canine: 8.0% Left canine: 8.4% | Female: 76.66% Male: 80.00% | India |
Patel et al. 2017 | Right canine Female: 0.249 Male: 0.263 Left canine Female: 0.249 Male: 0.263 | Right canine: 8.42% Left canine: 8.40% | Female: 80.00% Male: 77.50% | India |
Patil et al. 2015 | Female: 0.319 Male: 0.344 | –a | –a | India |
Priyadharshini et al. 2018 | Right canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.25 Left canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.25 | –a | –a | India |
Rajarathnam et al. 2016 | Right canine Casts (Female: 0.25/Male: 0.26) Intraoral (Female: 0.25/Male: 0.26) Left canine Casts (Female: 0.25/Male: 0.26) Intraoral (Female: 0.25/Male: 0.26) | Right canine: 6.90% Left canine: 6.96% | 73% | India |
Rao et al. 1989 | Female: 0.254 Male: 0.296 | –a | Female: 87.5% Male: 84.3% | India |
Reddy et al. 2008 | Right canine Female: 0.246 Male: 0.259 Left canine Female: 0.247 Male: 0.261 | Left canine: 9.058% | Female: 66% Male: 78% | India |
Sassi et al. 2012 | Standard value: 0.267 | –a | Female: 29% Male: 54% | Uruguay |
Shahid et al. 2018 | Female: 0.26 Male: 0.26 | –a | Female: 43.70% Male: 51.30% | Pakistan |
Sharma and Gorea 2010 | Right canine 17–30 years (Female: 0.259/Male: 0.265) 30–50 years (Female: 0.252/Male: 0.256) Left canine 17–30 years (Female: 0.257/Male: 0.265) 30–50 years (Female: 0.252/Male: 0.254) | RIGHT 17–30 years: 5.616% 30–50 years: 4.687% LEFT 17–30 years: 6.103% 3050 years: 3.882% | –a | India |
Sherfudhin et al. 1996 | –a | –a | Female: 50.17% Male: 49.83% | India |
Silva et al. 2016 | Female: 0.30 Male: 0.31 | –a | Female: 25.7% Male: 94% | Portugal |
Singh et al. 2012 | Right canine Female: 0.21 Male: 0.21 Left canine Female: 0.21 Male: 0.21 | Right canine: 6.926% Left canine: 5.498% | –a | India |
Singh et al. 2012 | Right canine Female: 0.21 Male: 0.21 Left canine Female: 0.21 Male: 0.21 | Right canine: 6.926% Left canine: 5.498% | –a | India |
Singh et al. 2015 | Right canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.26 Left canine Female: 0.25 Male: 0.26 | Right canine: 14.1% Left canine: 15.2% | Female: 87.2% Male: 83.8% | India |
Sreedhar et al. 2015 | Right canine Female: 0.27 Male: 0.25 Left canine Female: 0.28 Male: 0.27 | –a | Right MCI: 84.3% Left MCI: 75.8% | India |
Srivastava 2010 | Right canine Female: 0.255 Male: 0.256 Left canine Female: 0.256 Male: 0.257 | Right canine: 2.804% Left canine: 2.326% | Female: 51% Male: 48% | India |
Vijayan et al. 2019 | Right canine Female: 0.521 Male: 0.444 Left canine Female: 0.526 Male: 0.447 | –a | –a | India |
Vishwakarma and Guha 2011 | Right canine Female: 0.2569 Male: 0.2864 Left canine Female: 0.2645 Male: 0.2888 | Right canine: 12.51% Left canine: 10.15% | –a | India |
Yadav et al. 2002 | Female: 0.288 Male: 0.310 | –a | Female: 81.1% Male: 83.3% | India |