From: Orthodontists in forensic facial approximation (FFA): current inter-disciplinary perspective
Year | Scientist name | Reference plane | Figure |
---|---|---|---|
1786 | Petrus Camper | Nasal spine to center of auditory meatus “Modern science of anthropometry” | Fig. 1a |
1795 | Geoffroy de St. Hilaire | Auditory opening to free margin of incisor teeth | Fig. 1b |
1862 | Broca | Alveolo–condylar plane–condyles to alveolar border of upper jaw “French horizontal” | Fig. 1c |
1884 | International Anthropological Association | From superior-most point of external auditory meatus (Porion) to most inferior point on bony orbit margin (Orbitale) | Fig. 1d |