Table 4 Description of the variables collected. P indicates the significance of differences in variables in the two groups based on the test of equality of group averages; lambda indicates parameters for Box-Cox transformation

AGE

49.74 ± 19.87

20–93

52.46 ± 20.51

20–93

0.502

–

AA OUTER

4.15 ± 0.72

2.6–6.4

3.79 ± 0.60

2.7–4.9

0.007

− 0.153

AA INNER

3.78 ± 0.65

2.9–5.5

3.37 ± 0.64

2.5–4.5

0.002

− 0.083

ВВ OUTER

4.46 ± 0.64

3.1–6.1

3.82 ± 0.37

3.2–4.5

< 0.001

− 1.105

BB INNER

4.07 ± 0.64

2.4–5.6

3.52 ± 0.54

2.5–4.6

< 0.001

0.626

СС OUTER

3.88 ± 0.46

2.7–5

3.18 ± 0.20

2.8–3.6

< 0.001

− 1.232

CC INNER

3.36 ± 0.44

2.3–4.5

2.61 ± 0.11

2.4–2.9

< 0.001

− 2.356

DD OUTER

3.63 ± 0.49

2.4–4.6

2.87 ± 0.24

2.5–3.7

< 0.001

− 1.189

DD INNER

3.31 ± 0.40

2.4–4.2

2.42 ± 0.18

2.1–2.8

< 0.001

− 0.993

AD DEX

4.44 ± 0.28

3.8–5

3.48 ± 0.38

3.0–4.7

< 0.001

0.951

AD SIN

4.38 ± 0.33

3.6–5.2

3.52 ± 0.36

3.1–4.7

< 0.001

0.061

AB DEX

1.66 ± 0.20

1.1–2.1

1.27 ± 0.15

1.0–1.7

< 0.001

− 0.151

AB SIN

1.60 ± 0.28

0.9–2.3

1.27 ± 0.18

0.9–2.0

< 0.001

− 0.636

CD DEX

0.74 ± 0.21

0.4–1.3

0.61 ± 0.13

0.3–0.9

< 0.001

− 0.107

CD SIN

0.72 ± 0.16

0.4–1

0.53 ± 0.14

0.3–0.9

< 0.001

0.434

BE DEX

4.13 ± 0.31

2.8–4.6

3.01 ± 0.17

2.6–3.5

< 0.001

− 0.158

BE SIN

4.11 ± 0.24

3.7–4.6

3.00 ± 0.17

2.6–3.6

< 0.001

− 0.049

CF DEX

3.19 ± 0.31

2.5–3.7

2.77 ± 0.22

2.3–3.3

< 0.001

− 0.121

CF SIN

3.19 ± 0.30

2.5–3.7

2.77 ± 0.27

2.3–3.9

< 0.001

− 0.293

EF

1.88 ± 0.19

1.6–2.8

1.28 ± 0.14

1.0–1.6

< 0.001

0.083

Angle (α)

78.36 ± 5.54

66–93

94.95 ± 2.73

88–101

< 0.001

2.637

GH DEX

2.77 ± 0.19

2.4–3.1

2.02 ± 0.20

1.6–2.8

< 0.001

0.740

GH SIN

2.86 ± 0.17

2.5–3.2

2.14 ± 0.20

1.8–3.1

< 0.001

0.381

KL

3.81 ± 0.23

3.3–4.3

2.67 ± 0.20

2.4–3.6

< 0.001

0.026

MN

3.86 ± 0.20

3.3–4.3

2.74 ± 0.17

2.5–3.6

< 0.001

− 0.012

DEX thickness

0.29 ± 0.04

0.2–0.35

0.22 ± 0.03

0.1–0.3

< 0.001

0.807

SIN thickness

0.30 ± 0.05

0.2–0.36

0.23 ± 0.04

0.1–0.3

< 0.001

0.727

FP

2.63 ± 0.33

1.8–3.2

2.00 ± 0.16

1.5–2.5

< 0.001

− 0.712

Q

0.33 ± 0.05

0.25–0.45

0.26 ± 0.04

0.2–0.4

< 0.001

− 0.054

R

0.33 ± 0.05

0.2–0.45

0.26 ± 0.04

0.2–0.35

< 0.001

0.203

S

0.31 ± 0.05

0.2–0.45

0.26 ± 0.06

0.1–0.4

< 0.001

0.940

T

0.31 ± 0.06

0.2–0.6

0.26 ± 0.05

0.1–0.4

< 0.001

0.311