Age estimation using DNA methylation technique in forensics: a systematic review

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Table 1 Selected methods of forensic age estimation

No	Reference	Method	Source of samples	N^†	Age^‡	MAD^a	RMSE/SEE
1	Weidner et al. 2014	Telomere length	Blood	104	18–84	18.2	23.1^b
1	Weidner et al. 2014	DNA methylation	Blood	151	18–84	5.43	7.2^b
2	Zubakov et al. 2016	mRNA methylation*	Blood	267	22–84	9.195	11.595^c
		DNA methylation	Blood	216	4–82	5.07	6.97^c
		Telomere length	Blood	305	22–84	12.276	15.362^c
		sjTRECs	Blood	306	18–84	9.757	11.935^c
3	Cho et al. 2017	sjTRECs	Blood	100	20–74	10.33	10.55^c
3	Cho et al. 2017	DNA methylation	Blood	100	20–74	4.18	-

^†N: number of samples; ^‡Age in years; ^aMAD: mean absolute deviation (in years); ^bRMSE: root mean square error (in years); ^cSEE: standard error of the estimate (in years); sjTRECs: signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles; *Genes: NRCAM, ABLIM1, LRRN3, NELL2, SLC16A10, NOG, AK5, CCR7, CFH, housekeeping genes: ACTB, GAPDH