Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study

Abo El-Atta, Hend M.H.; Abdel-Rahman, Rania Hamed; El-Hawary, Galal; Abo El-Al-Atta, Heba M.

doi:10.1186/s41935-019-0167-x

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Table 8 Comparative results between the present study and the previous international studies using CT imaging techniques

From: Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study

Variables (mm.) Mean ± SD	Present study		Murshed et al. 2003 Turkey		El- Barrany et al. 2016 Sudan		Uthman et al. 2012 Iraq		Tambawala et al. 2016 India		Gobbur et al. 2013 India		Madadin et al. 2017 Saudi Arabia		Vidisha et al. 2019 India
Variables (mm.) Mean ± SD	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
ROCW	11.6±1.3	11.1±1.4			11.39± 1.51	10.62± 1.34					12.62 ±1.53	12.19± 1.47	10.58 1.08	10.27 1.3
LOCW	11.2±1.3	11.3±1.2			11.33± 1.71	10.38± 1.33					12.9± 1.34	12.33± 1.74	10.72 1.16	10.48 1.31
ROCL	20.8±2.4	18.9±2.5			25.52 ±2.68	21.41± 2.05					23.86 ±2.03	22.14± 2.30	21.1 1.55	19.94 1.81
LOCL	20.7±2.4	19.7±2.2			25.4 ±3.04	21.5 ±2.19					24.24± 1.55	22.19 ±2.73	21.11 1.72	20.05 1.82
MBD	28.9±5.9	27.2±4.9			48.9± 4.73	46.89± 4.02					45± 4.69	43.43± 3.54	43.67 2.93	43.45 3.77
MnICD	15.4±3.9	13.7±3.1			10.49± 2.63	9.62 ±2.15					8.24 ±2.23	7.33± 2.03
FMW	31.5±2.6	29.9±2.7	31.6 ±2.99	29.3 ± 2.19	31.57±2.6	30..33±2.5	29.5 ± 2.5	27.3 ±2.2	30.80± 2.51	29.16± 2.53	31.67± 3.51	29.76± 2.88	31.65± 2.25	30.6 ± 2.47	30.65± 1.79	28.7 ± 1.91
FML	36.8±3.3	35.7±3.3	37.2 ±3.43	34.6 ± 3.16	38.54 ± 3.22	37.05 ± 2.99	34.9 ±2	32.9 ±2	36.22± 2.33	34.46± 2.38	34.86 ±2.52	33.57± 3.16	37.21± 2.15	36.0± 2.65	34.84 ± 1.83	32.96± 2.21
FMI*	117.45±10.35	119.85±9.38									90.95± .09	88.98± .08	85.22 ±6.35	84.96± 6.39	88.17 ± 6.33	88.09± 5.79
FMA*	9.12±1.34	8.43±1.42					765.2± 98	670.2± 93.7	877.883 ±108.782	797.893± 105.526	873.73± 139.09	792.51± 132.52	925.84± 98.2	869.8 ±122.75	839.6 ± 69.79	752.12± 88.31
Accuracy	69%				83%		69.3%		66.4%		71%		60%		90.9%

SD: standard deviation, ROCW: right occipital condylar width, LOCW: left occipital condylar width, ROCL: right occipital condylar length, LOCL: left occipital condylar length,MBD: maximum intercondylar distance, MnICD: minimum intercondylar distance, FMW: foramen magnum width, FML: foramen magnum length, FMI: foramen magnum index, FMA: foramen magnum area, * calculated in centimeters in the present study. N.B. Missing parameters are not studied by the authors.

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