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Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Table 2 The brain and plasma GFAP in cannabis- and/or tramadol-treated rats

From: Identification of biomarkers for the detection of subtle brain injury after cannabis and/or tramadol administration

Treatment group

Brain GFAP

Serum GFAP

Normal control

2.525 ± 0.08

1.55 ± 0.03

Cannabis 5 mg/kg

2.80 ± 0.10#

1.64 ± 0.03

Cannabis 10 mg/kg

3.075 ± 0.16*#

1.655 ± 0.04

Cannabis 20 mg/kg

4.475 ± 0.21*

1.705 ± 0.03*

Tramadol 5 mg/kg

2.80 ± 0.14#

1.557 ± 0.001

Tramadol 10 mg/kg

3.25 ± 0.17*#

1.58 ± 0.02

Tramadol 20 mg/kg

3.35 ± 0.13*#

2.07 ± 0.04*#

Tramadol 10 mg/kg + cannabis 5 mg/kg

3.225 ± 0.11*#

1.632 ± 0.04+

Tramadol 10 mg/kg + cannabis 10 mg/kg

3.52 ± ± 0.13*+#

1.727 ± 0.03*+

Tramadol 10 mg/kg + cannabis 20 mg/kg

3.95 ± 0.21*+#

1.875 ± 0.06*

  1. Units for GFAP, ng/l. *p < 0.05 vs. saline control. +p < 0.05 vs. tramadol (20 mg/kg)-only treated group. #p < 0.05 vs. cannabis (20 mg/kg)-only treated group. Multiple group comparison was done using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan’s multiple range test. A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant
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