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Table 3 Cohen’s kappa coefficient showing the agreement in characteristics between the admitted and the three exemplars

From: Genuine handwriting variations in 10 years: a pilot study

Exemplars

Characteristics

Admitted

Kappa

 

Size

Small

Medium

Large

 

1

Small

2

2

0

0.178

Medium

4

12

2

Large

0

2

1

2

Small

2

2

0

0.178

Medium

4

12

2

Large

0

2

1

3

Small

2

2

0

0.183

Medium

4

12

2

Large

0

2

1

 

Slant

Towards right

Towards left

Vertical

 

1

Towards right

11

0

2

0.711**

Towards left

0

1

0

Vertical

1

1

9

2

Towards right

11

0

2

0.711**

Towards left

0

1

0

Vertical

1

1

9

3

Towards right

11

0

2

0.711**

Towards left

0

1

0

Vertical

1

1

9

 

Rounded letters

Narrow oval

Rounded

Oval

Irregular

 

1

Narrow oval

4

1

1

0

0.605**

Rounded

2

8

1

0

Oval

0

1

2

1

Irregular

0

0

0

4

2

Narrow oval

4

1

1

0

0.605**

Rounded

2

8

1

0

Oval

0

1

2

1

Irregular

0

0

0

4

3

Narrow oval

4

1

1

0

0.605**

Rounded

2

8

1

0

Oval

0

1

2

1

Irregular

0

0

0

4

 

I-dot

Circular

Pointed

Extended dot

 

1

Circular

5

3

3

0.396**

Pointed

0

8

1

Extended dot

0

3

2

2

Circular

5

3

3

0.312*

Pointed

0

6

1

Extended dot

0

4

2

Irregular

0

1

0

3

Circular

5

3

3

0.357**

Pointed

0

7

1

Extended dot

0

3

2

Irregular

0

1

0

 

T-bar

Centre

High

Low

Pre-placed

Post-placed

 

1

Centre

7

1

2

2

0

0.427**

High

1

4

0

0

0

Low

2

0

0

0

0

Pre-placed

0

0

0

2

0

Post-placed

2

0

0

0

2

2

Centre

7

1

1

2

0

0.496**

High

1

4

0

0

0

Low

2

0

1

0

0

Pre-placed

0

0

0

2

0

Post-placed

2

0

0

0

2

3

Centre

7

1

2

2

0

0.427**

 

High

1

4

0

0

0

Low

2

0

0

0

0

Pre-placed

0

0

0

2

0

Post-placed

2

0

0

0

2

 

Humped letters

Pointed

Round

Oval

Square topped

 

1

Pointed

10

0

2

1

0.698**

Round

0

4

0

0

Oval

1

0

5

1

Square topped

0

0

0

1

2

Pointed

10

0

2

1

0.698**

Round

0

4

0

0

Oval

1

0

5

1

Square topped

0

0

0

1

3

Pointed

10

0

2

1

0.698**

Round

0

4

0

0

Oval

1

0

5

1

Square topped

0

0

0

1

  1. *p < .05, **p < .01