Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of the studied groups
From: Blood biomarkers of nicotine-induced toxicity in healthy males
Variable | Non-smokers (n = 20) | Passive smokers (n = 30) | Active smokers (n = 40) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 31.7 ± 14.12 | 34.57 ± 12.47 | 32.58 ± 9.34 | 0.655 | |||
Residence | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.069 |
Urban | 15 | 75 | 13 | 43.3 | 25 | 62.5 | |
Rural | 5 | 25 | 17 | 56.7 | 15 | 37.5 | |
Occupation | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.016* |
Physical | 11 | 55 | 24 | 80 | 35 | 87.5 | |
Mental | 9 | 45 | 6 | 20 | 5 | 12.5 | |
Educational level | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.016* |
Low | 3 | 15 | 10 | 33.3 | 16 | 40 | |
Moderate | 8 | 40 | 13 | 43.3 | 21 | 52.5 | |
High | 9 | 45 | 7 | 23.3 | 3 | 7.5 | |