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Table 1 Definitions of the measurements used in this study

From: Estimating sex using discriminant analysis of mandibular measurements from a modern Greek sample

Measurement

Abbreviation

Definitiona

Bi-condylar breadth

BicBR

The distance between right and left condylion laterale (cdl–cdl)

Bi-gonion breadth

BigBR

The distance between right and left gonion (go–go)

Bi-coronoid breadth

BicrBR

The distance between right and left coronion (co–co)

Symphysis height

SyH

The distance between the gnathion and infradentale (gn–id)

Bi-mental foramina breadth

BimfBR

The distance between right and left mental foramen (mf–mf)

Symphysis breadth

SyBR

The distance between right and left lateral infradentale (lid–lid)

Bi-lingula breadth

BilBR

The distance between the lingula mandibulae (lm–lm)

Mandible breadth

MB

The distance between right and left anterior ramus (ar–ar)

Bi-notch breadth

BinBR

The distance between right and left mandibular notch (mn–mn)

Angle formed by bilateral gn–go lines

Agn–go

The angle formed by right gonion, gnathion and left gonion (go–gn–go)

Angle formed by bilateral gn–co lines

Agn–co

The angle formed by right coronion, gnathion and left coronion (co–gn–co)

Angle formed by bilateral gn–cdl lines

Agn–cdl

The angle formed by right condylion laterale, gnathion and left condylion laterale (cdl–gn–cdl)

Ramus heightb

RH

The distance between the condylion superior and gonion (cs–go)

Maximum ramus heightb

MRH

The distance between the most superior point on the mandibular condyle to the mandibular tubercle, or most protruding point of the inferior border of the ramus (cs–mtb)

Projective height of ramusb

PRH

Projective height of ramus between the highest point of the mandibular capitulum and lower margin of the bone (cs) c

Coronoid heightb

CH

Projective distance between coronion and lower wall of the bone (co) c

Maximum ramus breadthb

MaxRBR

The distance between the most anterior point on the mandibular ramus and a line connecting the most posterior point on the condyle and the angle of jaw (aMRB–pMRB)

Minimum ramus breadthb

MinRBR

Smallest anterior–posterior diameter of the ramus (ar–prp)

Notch lengthb

NL

The distance between the coronion and condylion superior (co–cs)

Coronion-gonion lengthb

CGL

The distance between the coronion and gonion (co–go)

Maximum body lengthb

MaxBL

The distance between the gonion and pogonion (go–pg)

Body lengthb

BL

The distance between the gonion and gnathion (go–gn)

Maximum mandible lengthb

MaxML

The distance between the condylion superior and pogonion (cs–pg)

  1. aMost of landmarks definitions were obtained from Franklin et al. (2008), mental foramen and lingula mandibulae were described in Bejdová et al. (2013), while mandibular tubercle and non-standard landmarks aMRB, pMRB, and prp, are shown in Fig. 1
  2. bBilateral measurements were calculated for both sides of the mandible
  3. CThe projective distance is calculated by the formula d = (v n), where n is the unit normal of the mandibular base plane calculated by three most inferior points of the mandibular body and v is a vector from any of these points to the landmark whose projective distance is being calculated