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Table 5 Relation between type of drug of abuse and violence according to (MOAS)

From: Patterns of drug abuse in Upper Egypt: cause or result of violence?

 

Verbal aggression

Physical aggression towards objects

Physical self-aggression

Physical aggression towards others

Total scores

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Cannabis only (bango or hashish)

2 ± 1

2 ± 1

3 ± 1

1 ± 1

13–25

Hallucinogens (LSD, MDMA, others)

Not present in the study sample (N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

Alcohol only (beer, wine, liquor)

3 ± 1

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

2 ± 1

11–26

Tramadol (synthetic opioids)

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

2 ± 1

3 ± 1

17–37

Heroin only (or other opiates, opium, morphine)

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

2 ± 1

3 ± 1

14–28

Barbiturates only

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

3 ± 1

1 ± 1

23–26

Cocaine only (powder, coke, blow)

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

2 ± 1

2 ± 1

17–27

Rock cocaine (crack, rock, freebase)

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

2 ± 1

2 ± 1

17–27

Inhalants only (glue, gasoline, cans, whiteout, rush, others)

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

2 ± 1

3 ± 1

17–37

Valium, other tranquilizers

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

1 ± 1

10–20

Amphetamines

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

Others

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

(N.P)

Mixed drugs

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

20–40